2、每餐之前喝两杯水。这样做就能保持身体一直处于“水当当”的状态，还能控制食量。荷兰一项研究显示，饭前喝两杯水能减少饥饿感和食物摄入量，从而起到减肥的作用。
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3、把咖啡加在牛奶里，而不是把牛奶加在咖啡里。早起的第一件事，就是在杯子里倒满脱脂奶。然后喝掉1/5，再用咖啡把它填满。这样，你就能摄入人体每天所需的25%的维生素D和30%的钙。
4、吃完快餐喝一大杯水。快餐里的热量和盐一般都严重超标，虽然我们拿吃进肚里的脂肪没办法，但一大杯水可以帮你稀释体内钠的浓度，让你离高血压远一点。
5、不放弃每一个吃洋葱的机会。很多人吃菜时会小心翼翼地把洋葱挑出来，唯恐避之不及。这就大错特错了。洋葱含有大量保护心脏的类黄酮，因此，吃洋葱应该成为我们的责任。尤其在吃烤肉这样不怎么健康的食品时，里面的洋葱就是你的“救命草”。
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6、有条件的话，用凉水泡红茶。最近美国农业部研究发现，与青菜或胡萝卜相比，一份红茶中含有更多的抗氧化物质，它可以有效帮助你抵抗皱纹或癌症的侵扰。凉水可使茶中的有益物质在不被破坏的情况下，慢慢溶出，你所要做的只是多等待一会儿。
7、下午三点，准时加餐。也许赖床可以成为你不吃早餐的理由，但下午三点的加餐就不能用任何借口推托了。在午餐和晚餐之间补充营养，可以帮你度过一天中最疲劳的时期。酸奶、水果、饼干都是不错的选择。
8、橘子带着“白丝”吃。很多人吃橘子时都会把橘子上的“白丝”剥掉。其实，这里面含有丰富的黄酮类物质，对身体大有裨益。苦中带甜的口味，仔细品尝其实并不差。
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9、每天订个喝水任务量。忙碌的工作会让你在口干舌燥时，才想起一上午都没喝水。在办公桌上准备一个1.5升的大瓶子，把一天要喝的水倒在里面，给自己规定喝完才能下班。
10、买水果时拿不定主意，就选深色的那种。虽说水果的外观五花八门，但要衡量健康性，深色水果肯定更胜一筹，因为里面含有更多的抗氧化剂。当你摇摆不定时，选择李子、乌梅这类黑色的水果准没错。
11、用热水漂洗肉块。在切块的肉上铺一层厚纸巾，可以吸收油脂。如果你想去得更干净，可以把肉块放在漏勺里，用热水漂洗。使用这种方法，可以去掉大约一半的脂肪。
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12、把拌凉菜改为蘸凉菜。不是只有烤肉热量高，酱汁一样会给原本健康的凉拌菜带来不少热量。所以，把调好的酱汁放在一个小碗里，用切好的菜蘸着吃，这样，你需要的酱汁只是原来的1/6。
13、有些“素”菜要“荤”着吃。油吃多了不好，但一点不吃更不好。南瓜、胡萝卜中含有大量的β―胡萝卜素，因此不能吃得太清淡。用油炒或凉拌都可以，如果南瓜用来煮粥，那么保证其他菜里有油，让它们到肠胃里会合。
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14、晚餐更要打好脂肪保卫战。有些人早餐、午餐不吃含脂肪食物，认为晚餐多吃含脂肪食物，这种想法是错误的。研究表明，在一顿饭摄入50―80克脂肪后的几个小时，血管弹性降低，血液凝血因子急剧上升。所以，即使白天吃得很清淡，也不要试图在晚上补偿自己。
15、睡前吃些高纤维食品。麻省理工学院博士朱蒂斯?沃特曼说：“睡前半小时吃些低热量的碳水化合物零食有助于睡眠。”食用谷类食品是最简单的补充纤维的方法，而大多数人每天摄入的纤维量只有身体需要量(25―35克)的一半，所以，建议抓住睡前的最后时刻补充一下。
Monday, July 13, 2009
Sunday, June 21, 2009
Niacin to boost your HDL, 'good,' cholesterol
Niacin to boost your HDL, 'good,' cholesterolBy Mayo Clinic staff
Original Article:http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/niacin/CL00036
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Niacin to boost your HDL, 'good,' cholesterol
Niacin is an important B vitamin that may raise your HDL, "good," cholesterol. Find out if you should talk to your doctor about taking niacin alone or with cholesterol medications. By Mayo Clinic staff
Niacin, a B vitamin, has long been used to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the "good" cholesterol. HDL cholesterol helps sweep up low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, in your bloodstream. Although niacin is readily available and effective, it hasn't gotten much attention compared to other cholesterol drugs.
A lot of the attention regarding cholesterol has been focused on lowering your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol. That's still an important goal. But boosting your HDL level can be just as important as lowering your LDL cholesterol. Taking niacin — either by itself or along with other cholesterol-lowering medication — may help control your total cholesterol level.
What is niacin?
Niacin (nicotinic acid) is a B vitamin that's used by your body to turn carbohydrates into energy. Niacin also helps keep your nervous system, digestive system, skin, hair and eyes healthy. That's why niacin is often a part of a daily multivitamin, though most people get enough niacin from the food they eat.
You may see niacin labeled in different ways. As part of a multivitamin or supplement, it's often just referred to as niacin. When it's used as a treatment to increase your HDL cholesterol or correct a niacin deficiency, it's sold in higher doses that are prescribed by your doctor. Some common brand names of prescription niacin include:
Niaspan
Niacor
Slo-Niacin
Niacin is found in many foods, including:
Dairy products
Lean meats
Poultry
Fish
Nuts
Eggs
Enriched breads and cereals
Niacin is also available in a variety of different forms as either prescription medication or over-the-counter supplements. However, don't take niacin — even in the over-the-counter form — without discussing it with your doctor first because niacin can cause side effects when taken in high doses.
What impact does niacin have on cholesterol?
Niacin can raise HDL — the "good" cholesterol — by 15 to 35 percent. This makes niacin the most effective drug available for raising HDL cholesterol. While niacin's effect on HDL is of most interest, it's worth noting that niacin also decreases your LDL and triglyceride levels. High levels of LDL and triglycerides are significant risk factors for heart disease.
Why is having a high HDL cholesterol level important?
HDL, or "good," cholesterol picks up excess bad cholesterol in your blood and takes it back to your liver for disposal. The higher your HDL cholesterol, the less bad cholesterol you'll have in your blood.
Cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L):
For men, HDL levels under 40 mg/dL or 1 mmol/L increase the risk of heart disease.
For women, HDL levels under 50 mg/dL or 1.3 mmol/L increase the risk of heart disease.
An HDL level above 60 mg/dL or 1.6 mmol/L is considered ideal for men or women.
Having a low HDL level by itself is a risk factor for developing heart disease. That means even if your LDL and other risk factors are normal, having a low HDL level still increases your risk of heart disease.
What about niacin side effects, like flushing?
Niacin comes in a variety of forms, ranging from fast-acting forms to those that are longer acting. Some forms of niacin, especially in high doses — 1,000 milligrams or more — do cause temporary flushing of the skin. The flushing can make your skin redden and possibly feel warm to the touch. While annoying, this flushing isn't harmful. If you have flushing, talk to your doctor about taking an aspirin shortly before you take your niacin. Aspirin can counteract this flushing effect. Also, avoiding hot drinks and alcohol can decrease the flushing. Versions of niacin with reduced flushing effects also are available by prescription.
Other possible side effects include:
Upset stomach
Headache
Dizziness
Liver damage
Increased blood sugar
However, your doctor may be able to find the right dose and form of niacin that minimizes side effects. Also, taking niacin with food may help prevent side effects. Remember, don't take niacin — even in the over-the-counter form — without discussing it with your doctor first. Niacin can cause side effects when taken in high doses.
Who might consider taking niacin?
It depends. Niacin has been shown to increase HDL in otherwise healthy people who have normal LDL levels, so your doctor might suggest you take niacin, even if your LDL is relatively normal and you're healthy.
However, don't start taking niacin to raise your HDL without talking to your doctor. Niacin must usually be given at high doses to raise your HDL cholesterol, and the use of high-dose niacin needs to be monitored by your doctor to make sure it doesn't cause any harmful side effects.
Lifestyle changes are also helpful in boosting HDL. These include:
Stop smoking if you are a smoker.
Eat a healthy diet.
Start an exercise program, with your doctor's OK.
If you try steps like this and your HDL is still too low, your doctor may suggest you take niacin.
Niacin is usually given along with statins or other medications to people who have high LDL levels and low HDL. Check with your doctor before taking niacin with another medication to avoid any dangerous drug interactions. However, in general, niacin seems to work even better when used in combination with statins, drugs used to lower your LDL cholesterol. In fact, when used with some statins, niacin can increase your HDL level by 50 percent or more, as well as reduce LDL levels more than when just statins are used.
Are over-the-counter niacin supplements just as good as prescription niacin when it comes to increasing HDL cholesterol?
Possibly. Supplements sold over-the-counter (OTC) are not regulated like prescription medications. The ingredients, formulations and effect of over-the-counter niacin can vary widely. Again, it's necessary to work with your doctor if you are considering taking niacin to avoid harmful side effects.
Original Article:http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/niacin/CL00036
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document.createStyleSheet('/css/article.css');
}
Niacin to boost your HDL, 'good,' cholesterol
Niacin is an important B vitamin that may raise your HDL, "good," cholesterol. Find out if you should talk to your doctor about taking niacin alone or with cholesterol medications. By Mayo Clinic staff
Niacin, a B vitamin, has long been used to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the "good" cholesterol. HDL cholesterol helps sweep up low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, in your bloodstream. Although niacin is readily available and effective, it hasn't gotten much attention compared to other cholesterol drugs.
A lot of the attention regarding cholesterol has been focused on lowering your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol. That's still an important goal. But boosting your HDL level can be just as important as lowering your LDL cholesterol. Taking niacin — either by itself or along with other cholesterol-lowering medication — may help control your total cholesterol level.
What is niacin?
Niacin (nicotinic acid) is a B vitamin that's used by your body to turn carbohydrates into energy. Niacin also helps keep your nervous system, digestive system, skin, hair and eyes healthy. That's why niacin is often a part of a daily multivitamin, though most people get enough niacin from the food they eat.
You may see niacin labeled in different ways. As part of a multivitamin or supplement, it's often just referred to as niacin. When it's used as a treatment to increase your HDL cholesterol or correct a niacin deficiency, it's sold in higher doses that are prescribed by your doctor. Some common brand names of prescription niacin include:
Niaspan
Niacor
Slo-Niacin
Niacin is found in many foods, including:
Dairy products
Lean meats
Poultry
Fish
Nuts
Eggs
Enriched breads and cereals
Niacin is also available in a variety of different forms as either prescription medication or over-the-counter supplements. However, don't take niacin — even in the over-the-counter form — without discussing it with your doctor first because niacin can cause side effects when taken in high doses.
What impact does niacin have on cholesterol?
Niacin can raise HDL — the "good" cholesterol — by 15 to 35 percent. This makes niacin the most effective drug available for raising HDL cholesterol. While niacin's effect on HDL is of most interest, it's worth noting that niacin also decreases your LDL and triglyceride levels. High levels of LDL and triglycerides are significant risk factors for heart disease.
Why is having a high HDL cholesterol level important?
HDL, or "good," cholesterol picks up excess bad cholesterol in your blood and takes it back to your liver for disposal. The higher your HDL cholesterol, the less bad cholesterol you'll have in your blood.
Cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L):
For men, HDL levels under 40 mg/dL or 1 mmol/L increase the risk of heart disease.
For women, HDL levels under 50 mg/dL or 1.3 mmol/L increase the risk of heart disease.
An HDL level above 60 mg/dL or 1.6 mmol/L is considered ideal for men or women.
Having a low HDL level by itself is a risk factor for developing heart disease. That means even if your LDL and other risk factors are normal, having a low HDL level still increases your risk of heart disease.
What about niacin side effects, like flushing?
Niacin comes in a variety of forms, ranging from fast-acting forms to those that are longer acting. Some forms of niacin, especially in high doses — 1,000 milligrams or more — do cause temporary flushing of the skin. The flushing can make your skin redden and possibly feel warm to the touch. While annoying, this flushing isn't harmful. If you have flushing, talk to your doctor about taking an aspirin shortly before you take your niacin. Aspirin can counteract this flushing effect. Also, avoiding hot drinks and alcohol can decrease the flushing. Versions of niacin with reduced flushing effects also are available by prescription.
Other possible side effects include:
Upset stomach
Headache
Dizziness
Liver damage
Increased blood sugar
However, your doctor may be able to find the right dose and form of niacin that minimizes side effects. Also, taking niacin with food may help prevent side effects. Remember, don't take niacin — even in the over-the-counter form — without discussing it with your doctor first. Niacin can cause side effects when taken in high doses.
Who might consider taking niacin?
It depends. Niacin has been shown to increase HDL in otherwise healthy people who have normal LDL levels, so your doctor might suggest you take niacin, even if your LDL is relatively normal and you're healthy.
However, don't start taking niacin to raise your HDL without talking to your doctor. Niacin must usually be given at high doses to raise your HDL cholesterol, and the use of high-dose niacin needs to be monitored by your doctor to make sure it doesn't cause any harmful side effects.
Lifestyle changes are also helpful in boosting HDL. These include:
Stop smoking if you are a smoker.
Eat a healthy diet.
Start an exercise program, with your doctor's OK.
If you try steps like this and your HDL is still too low, your doctor may suggest you take niacin.
Niacin is usually given along with statins or other medications to people who have high LDL levels and low HDL. Check with your doctor before taking niacin with another medication to avoid any dangerous drug interactions. However, in general, niacin seems to work even better when used in combination with statins, drugs used to lower your LDL cholesterol. In fact, when used with some statins, niacin can increase your HDL level by 50 percent or more, as well as reduce LDL levels more than when just statins are used.
Are over-the-counter niacin supplements just as good as prescription niacin when it comes to increasing HDL cholesterol?
Possibly. Supplements sold over-the-counter (OTC) are not regulated like prescription medications. The ingredients, formulations and effect of over-the-counter niacin can vary widely. Again, it's necessary to work with your doctor if you are considering taking niacin to avoid harmful side effects.
Clean Out Your Pipes
Clean Out Your Pipes
By Jorge Cruise, Chief Diet and Fitness Expert
Published May 06, 2009
A high-fiber diet will keep your intestines running smoothly, but I also recommend following this three-step body cleanse once a week:
Step 1: For breakfast, have a shake made from psyllium seed husks. Not only is psyllium packed with fiber that will keep you regular, but it also effectively reduces cholesterol levels and suppresses hunger.
Step 2: On your body cleanse day, double your water intake. Since you’ll be increasing your fiber intake, you’ll also need to drink more water to allow smooth passage. The extra water will also help to flush toxins out of your body. Instead of the usual eight 8-ounce glasses a day, drink eight 16-ounce glasses of water.
Step 3: Choose a non-meat source of protein for lunch and dinner. Beans and lentils are naturally rich in fiber and chockfull of vitamins and minerals. You might try a bean burrito or hummus and vegetable sandwich for lunch and then beans and rice or lentil soup for dinner.
Your coach,Jorge Cruise
For information on Jorge's newest program and to get a free copy of his new Belly Fat Cure Report, visit jorgecruise.com.
Got a question? Ask Jorge Cruise
Check out Health Bistro, where LifeScript editors let it all hang out. Share it with your friends (it’s free to sign up!), and bookmark it so you don’t miss a single juicy post!
By Jorge Cruise, Chief Diet and Fitness Expert
Published May 06, 2009
A high-fiber diet will keep your intestines running smoothly, but I also recommend following this three-step body cleanse once a week:
Step 1: For breakfast, have a shake made from psyllium seed husks. Not only is psyllium packed with fiber that will keep you regular, but it also effectively reduces cholesterol levels and suppresses hunger.
Step 2: On your body cleanse day, double your water intake. Since you’ll be increasing your fiber intake, you’ll also need to drink more water to allow smooth passage. The extra water will also help to flush toxins out of your body. Instead of the usual eight 8-ounce glasses a day, drink eight 16-ounce glasses of water.
Step 3: Choose a non-meat source of protein for lunch and dinner. Beans and lentils are naturally rich in fiber and chockfull of vitamins and minerals. You might try a bean burrito or hummus and vegetable sandwich for lunch and then beans and rice or lentil soup for dinner.
Your coach,Jorge Cruise
For information on Jorge's newest program and to get a free copy of his new Belly Fat Cure Report, visit jorgecruise.com.
Got a question? Ask Jorge Cruise
Check out Health Bistro, where LifeScript editors let it all hang out. Share it with your friends (it’s free to sign up!), and bookmark it so you don’t miss a single juicy post!
Thursday, June 4, 2009
身体较为简单的中医分类方法
每个人的身体状况都不尽雷同，但是总体上可以进行一定的区分，下面给大家介绍一种较为简单且全面的中医分类方法，希望对大家有一定的帮助。
1 正常体质：肤色润泽，唇红润，精力充沛，饮食睡眠良好，二便正常，舌淡红，脉和缓。患病较少，抵抗力较强，耐寒热，不需进补，食疗或进缓和的平补之品。
2 阴寒体质：属寒（实）体质，平素肢冷无汗，喜暖怕凉，常腹痛腹泻，关节酸痛，口淡不渴，溲清长，舌淡苔白，脉紧或沉迟。宜患风湿关节痛，宜感寒邪，怕阴冷潮湿气候，宜温阳散寒。应食温热食物，如羊肉、生姜、桂皮等。
3 阳虚体质：属虚寒体质。四肢多不温，怕凉喜暖，神疲，喜吃热食，睡眠偏多，便溏，尿清长，舌体胖嫩边有齿痕，苔润，脉沉迟而弱。得病多从寒化，宜患痰饮、肿胀、泄泻，阳痿等证，易感寒邪，易被湿困。耐夏不耐冬，宜用温阳补虚之品。
4 阴虚体质：属虚热体质，形体多消瘦，心烦颧红，手足心热，午后尤甚，口燥咽干，目干涩，眩晕耳鸣，睡眠差，便干燥，舌红苔少而干，脉细数。宜患阴亏燥热的病变，怕燥热之邪，耐冬不耐夏。宜养阴补虚，甘寒退热。如百合、枸杞、麦冬、海参、西洋参等。
5 阳热体质：属实热类型。面色多红赤，怕热喜冷，烦渴多汗，喜冷食，得病易发高热，尿黄便秘，舌红苔黄，脉数有力。得病多从热化，易患疮疡，怕热，耐冬不耐夏，宜食苦味清热的食物或饮料，如苦瓜、苦丁茶、莲子心等。
6 气虚体质：属虚的体质，面白少华，气短懒言，易出汗，食少，易疲乏，舌淡红，舌体胖大，脉虚缓。易感冒，病后迁延不愈，内脏易下垂，不耐受风邪、寒邪、暑邪。宜食山药、莲子或太子参、黄芪、黄精等。
7 血虚体质：面色萎黄或淡白，唇甲无华，头晕眼花，心悸怔忡，失眠健忘，或肢体麻木，舌淡脉弱。宜补气生血。用当归、熟地、龙眼肉。
8 瘀血体质：面色多晦暗，口唇暗淡或紫，眼眶黯黑，肌肤甲错，或生症瘕，刺痛，痛处固定不移，舌体黯紫有瘀点，脉细涩或脉率不齐。易患出血，症瘕，中风，胸痹（冠心病）等病。宜活血化瘀，用山查、桃仁等。
9 痰湿体质：体胖腹大，面部皮肤油脂较多，汗多且粘，眼胞微浮，胸闷脘痞，身重发沉，困倦，喜食肥甘粘腻之物，便溏，舌胖大多齿痕，苔白腻，脉濡滑。易患消渴（糖尿病），中风（脑血管意外），胸痹等病。对湿环境及梅雨季节的适应能力差。宜祛湿化痰。宜服薏苡仁、茯苓、赤小豆、冬瓜皮、荷叶、荷梗等。
10 湿热体质：面垢油光，易生痤疮粉刺，身重困倦懈怠，大便粘滞不爽，男阴囊潮湿，女黄带臭秽，舌红苔黄腻，脉滑数。易患痤疮，黄疸，淋症，火热等病。对气温偏高，湿热交蒸气候难适应。食疗同痰湿体质，忌辛辣刺激食品。
11 气郁质：神情郁闷，胸胁胀满，走窜疼痛，善太息、嗳气呃逆，咽有异物感，或乳房胀痛，痛经。易患郁症，脏躁，不寐，梅核气，惊恐等病症。对精神刺激适应能力差，应调节心态，宜服行气之品，如玫瑰花，佛手，萝卜等顺气之品。不宜进补。
1 正常体质：肤色润泽，唇红润，精力充沛，饮食睡眠良好，二便正常，舌淡红，脉和缓。患病较少，抵抗力较强，耐寒热，不需进补，食疗或进缓和的平补之品。
2 阴寒体质：属寒（实）体质，平素肢冷无汗，喜暖怕凉，常腹痛腹泻，关节酸痛，口淡不渴，溲清长，舌淡苔白，脉紧或沉迟。宜患风湿关节痛，宜感寒邪，怕阴冷潮湿气候，宜温阳散寒。应食温热食物，如羊肉、生姜、桂皮等。
3 阳虚体质：属虚寒体质。四肢多不温，怕凉喜暖，神疲，喜吃热食，睡眠偏多，便溏，尿清长，舌体胖嫩边有齿痕，苔润，脉沉迟而弱。得病多从寒化，宜患痰饮、肿胀、泄泻，阳痿等证，易感寒邪，易被湿困。耐夏不耐冬，宜用温阳补虚之品。
4 阴虚体质：属虚热体质，形体多消瘦，心烦颧红，手足心热，午后尤甚，口燥咽干，目干涩，眩晕耳鸣，睡眠差，便干燥，舌红苔少而干，脉细数。宜患阴亏燥热的病变，怕燥热之邪，耐冬不耐夏。宜养阴补虚，甘寒退热。如百合、枸杞、麦冬、海参、西洋参等。
5 阳热体质：属实热类型。面色多红赤，怕热喜冷，烦渴多汗，喜冷食，得病易发高热，尿黄便秘，舌红苔黄，脉数有力。得病多从热化，易患疮疡，怕热，耐冬不耐夏，宜食苦味清热的食物或饮料，如苦瓜、苦丁茶、莲子心等。
6 气虚体质：属虚的体质，面白少华，气短懒言，易出汗，食少，易疲乏，舌淡红，舌体胖大，脉虚缓。易感冒，病后迁延不愈，内脏易下垂，不耐受风邪、寒邪、暑邪。宜食山药、莲子或太子参、黄芪、黄精等。
7 血虚体质：面色萎黄或淡白，唇甲无华，头晕眼花，心悸怔忡，失眠健忘，或肢体麻木，舌淡脉弱。宜补气生血。用当归、熟地、龙眼肉。
8 瘀血体质：面色多晦暗，口唇暗淡或紫，眼眶黯黑，肌肤甲错，或生症瘕，刺痛，痛处固定不移，舌体黯紫有瘀点，脉细涩或脉率不齐。易患出血，症瘕，中风，胸痹（冠心病）等病。宜活血化瘀，用山查、桃仁等。
9 痰湿体质：体胖腹大，面部皮肤油脂较多，汗多且粘，眼胞微浮，胸闷脘痞，身重发沉，困倦，喜食肥甘粘腻之物，便溏，舌胖大多齿痕，苔白腻，脉濡滑。易患消渴（糖尿病），中风（脑血管意外），胸痹等病。对湿环境及梅雨季节的适应能力差。宜祛湿化痰。宜服薏苡仁、茯苓、赤小豆、冬瓜皮、荷叶、荷梗等。
10 湿热体质：面垢油光，易生痤疮粉刺，身重困倦懈怠，大便粘滞不爽，男阴囊潮湿，女黄带臭秽，舌红苔黄腻，脉滑数。易患痤疮，黄疸，淋症，火热等病。对气温偏高，湿热交蒸气候难适应。食疗同痰湿体质，忌辛辣刺激食品。
11 气郁质：神情郁闷，胸胁胀满，走窜疼痛，善太息、嗳气呃逆，咽有异物感，或乳房胀痛，痛经。易患郁症，脏躁，不寐，梅核气，惊恐等病症。对精神刺激适应能力差，应调节心态，宜服行气之品，如玫瑰花，佛手，萝卜等顺气之品。不宜进补。
Monday, May 18, 2009
How to Survive Allergy Season
How to Survive Allergy Season
By Alice Daniel, Special to LifeScript
Published May 19, 2009
Ugh, that sneezing, coughing, itchy eyes and maddening post-nasal drip, drip, drip. You need allergy relief. But with aisles of products in the drugstore, how do you know which is right for you? We turned to the experts for answers. Plus, test your allergy IQ with our quiz...
Peek into any pharmacy and you'll see hundreds of products containing antihistamines or decongestants. Some combine both – and others throw in a pain reliever as well. Do you need one? Two? All? Here’s what you need to know:
Antihistimines are the first line of allergy defense.
“When you block histamine production in the body, you cut down on the misery-causing symptoms, like sneezing, itchy eyes, itchy throat, runny nose and so forth,” says Suzy Cohen, LifeScript’s pharmacist and author of Drug Muggers and The 24-Hour Pharmacist.
Over-the-Counter Antihistamines Some popular over-the-counter anti-allergy brands include Zyrtec, Claritin, Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton and Tavist.
The first generation of antihistamines, such as Benadryl and Chlor-Trimeton, often make people drowsy or dizzy. But doctors still recommend Benadryl because it acts quickly to quell allergic reactions, Cohen says.
Claritin and Zyrtec are two second-generation antihistamines without drowsy side effects, Cohen says. Try one and if it doesn’t work, check out the other.
The drugs are “most effective when taken before exposure, so they can sit on the histamine receptor of your cell like a pit bull in a doorway,” Cohen says. They prevent allergy triggers (like dander or pollen) from getting on the receptor and sparking all the misery.
If you have allergic reactions that are episodic, such as a sneezing fit triggered by a friend's cat, take an antihistamine about half an hour before heading over to her house.
“Claritin really helps with cat allergies," says Judy Kinzy, M.D., an internist in Knoxville, Tenn. "I take it a half-hour before I visit friends with cats and I’m fine.”
DecongestantsYou know that cotton-stuffed head feeling you get when allergies kick in? Blame that on allergens too: They can cause the tissues in your nose to swell and produce more fluid and mucus.
To reduce the swelling and the pressure, try a decongestant, such as Mucinex and Sudafed.
But beware: Allergies can sometimes weaken the immune system. If what’s coming out of your nose turns yellow or green, you might have a secondary infection and you'll need to see a doctor for antibiotics, Kinzy says.
Combination MedicinesCombination medicines, such as Zyrtec-D and Tylenol Allergy and Sinus, contain an antihistamine and a decongestant to relieve multiple symptoms.
These may help if you have a sinus headache or infection, Cohen says. “The antihistamine dries you up and the decongestant opens up airways so you can beat that stuffy nose.”
But combination pills carry more side effects because they have two active ingredients, Cohen says. So be sure you need both.
“If all you have is a stuffy nose, you might only need the decongestant,” she says. “Less is more when it comes to medication.”
Skin Creams and OintmentsAllergies can also irritate the skin and cause rashes, hives, blisters and swelling. Topical creams – Cortaid is a popular brand – can help control the itching, redness and swelling.
“Try a topical steroid creams like hydrocortisone cream – it comes in .50% and 1% strengths,” Cohen says.
Many hydrocortisone creams also contain soothing ingredients such as aloe or vitamin E, which can relieve mild to moderate itching, redness and soreness associated with bug bites, contact dermatitis, diaper rash and poison ivy rashes, she says.
Home RemediesWhat if you want a more natural approach?
Some allergy sufferers swear by sinus rinses that irrigate and moisturize your nasal passages.
“Saline rinses may actually be safer than medications because there are no side effects and you don’t have to think about how the rinse will react with other medications you’re taking,” Kinzy says.
Rinses involve a saline solution poured into your nose through a teapot-like device called a neti pot, available at most health-food stores. NeilMed is one popular kit with packets of saline powder and a neti pot.
“If you have a lot of allergies, rinse daily,” she says.
You’ll also find supplements and foods that will naturally fight allergies. Among Cohen’s recommendations:
Quercetin: This strong antihistamine is found in supplements and some foods, including capers, apples, green tea, and many red-skinned fruits and wine. Follow label directions, or take 200 to 500 mg one to three times daily, Cohen says.
Bromelain: It’s found in pineapples and dietary supplements, and is “fantastic for reducing inflammation and allergies.” Mullein tea: “The herb is known to ease respiratory disorders like bronchitis, asthma, chest congestion and allergies. It helps to thin mucus,” Cohen says. You can find it in most health-food stores. Steep it in water for five minutes before drinking, about once or twice a day. Aloe vera juice: Cohen loves this juice, which has a mild antihistamine effect, “plus dozens of other wonderful healing effects on the body. It’s also very affordable.” Her recommendation? “Lily of the Desert brand because it is certified organic and it is ‘whole leaf,’ so it has all the aloe nutrients.” Drink about 2 ounces daily, straight (it’s tasteless) or mix with other brands.
German chamomile: This is a powerful anti-inflammatory and “a wonderful essential oil to use if you have allergies,” she says. Steam your face with hot water containing a few drops of the oil.
Spirulina: The algae sparks the production of your body's natural fighter cells, "such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and anti-cancer 'natural' killer cells,” Cohen says. “If it can regulate immune function, then allergy symptoms should alleviate too.” Prescription MedicationsIf you don’t find relief from over-the-counter drugstore products, see an allergist or your physician.
The first line of prescription defense is a nasal spray. If that’s not enough, your doctor may prescribe a prescription antihistamine, such as Allegra.Steroid Nasal SpraysNasal sprays, such as Rhinocort and Nasonex, help by reducing inflammation and congestion. Although all nasal sprays have the same mechanism, every person reacts differently to each.“Steroids are still steroids,” and they can suppress immune function (like all steroids) and should be reserved for the hardest cases,” Cohen says.
Ask your doctor for recommendations. Nasal antihistamines, such as Astelin and Patonase, may also bring relief. Over-the-counter nasal sprays are good for a quick, temporary fix, Cohen says, so you can get a good night’s sleep.
But they should only be used for three days or less, or you can get addicted to them with a condition called rhinitis medicamentosa, a sort of rebound nasal congestion. Then it’s really hard to get off, she says.
Leukotriene ModifiersThe body also produces leukotriene, a chemical that causes inflammation, during an allergic reaction. Products like Singulair block the chemical and are used to treat asthma and nasal allergy symptoms.
Asthma should never be treated with over-the-counter medications. If you have any trouble breathing or you feel like an elephant is standing on your chest, see a doctor immediately.
Steroid inhalers and bronchodilators are typically prescribed for asthma and work only if used properly.
Primatene Mist, an over-the-counter bronchodilator, should not be used to treat asthma, but it is useful for allergic emergencies.
“If someone has a really bad reaction to food or a bee sting," says internist Kinzy, "Primatene can save that person’s life while waiting for an ambulance.”
ImmunotherapyRagweed in the fall, mold in the winter and flowers in the spring and early summer – allergens exist year-round and some unlucky folks find themselves sneezing every season.
If you have severe allergies that aren’t relieved by medications, you may need shots, ultimately the most effective means of treating allergies.
They work like vaccines, teaching your immune system to tolerate the allergens.
The upshot? You don't have to sneeze your way through life. Although feeling better may require a few stabs at different treatments, you will be able to shut down your body’s waterworks.Check out our Allergies Health Center.
What’s Your Allergy IQ? Maybe you suffer from seasonal allergies. Or perhaps the bed bugs really are biting. Do you know what’s making you itch? Find out with this allergy quiz.
Check out Health Bistro, where LifeScript editors let it all hang out. Share it with your friends (it’s free to sign up!), and bookmark it so you don’t miss a single juicy post!
By Alice Daniel, Special to LifeScript
Published May 19, 2009
Ugh, that sneezing, coughing, itchy eyes and maddening post-nasal drip, drip, drip. You need allergy relief. But with aisles of products in the drugstore, how do you know which is right for you? We turned to the experts for answers. Plus, test your allergy IQ with our quiz...
Peek into any pharmacy and you'll see hundreds of products containing antihistamines or decongestants. Some combine both – and others throw in a pain reliever as well. Do you need one? Two? All? Here’s what you need to know:
Antihistimines are the first line of allergy defense.
“When you block histamine production in the body, you cut down on the misery-causing symptoms, like sneezing, itchy eyes, itchy throat, runny nose and so forth,” says Suzy Cohen, LifeScript’s pharmacist and author of Drug Muggers and The 24-Hour Pharmacist.
Over-the-Counter Antihistamines Some popular over-the-counter anti-allergy brands include Zyrtec, Claritin, Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton and Tavist.
The first generation of antihistamines, such as Benadryl and Chlor-Trimeton, often make people drowsy or dizzy. But doctors still recommend Benadryl because it acts quickly to quell allergic reactions, Cohen says.
Claritin and Zyrtec are two second-generation antihistamines without drowsy side effects, Cohen says. Try one and if it doesn’t work, check out the other.
The drugs are “most effective when taken before exposure, so they can sit on the histamine receptor of your cell like a pit bull in a doorway,” Cohen says. They prevent allergy triggers (like dander or pollen) from getting on the receptor and sparking all the misery.
If you have allergic reactions that are episodic, such as a sneezing fit triggered by a friend's cat, take an antihistamine about half an hour before heading over to her house.
“Claritin really helps with cat allergies," says Judy Kinzy, M.D., an internist in Knoxville, Tenn. "I take it a half-hour before I visit friends with cats and I’m fine.”
DecongestantsYou know that cotton-stuffed head feeling you get when allergies kick in? Blame that on allergens too: They can cause the tissues in your nose to swell and produce more fluid and mucus.
To reduce the swelling and the pressure, try a decongestant, such as Mucinex and Sudafed.
But beware: Allergies can sometimes weaken the immune system. If what’s coming out of your nose turns yellow or green, you might have a secondary infection and you'll need to see a doctor for antibiotics, Kinzy says.
Combination MedicinesCombination medicines, such as Zyrtec-D and Tylenol Allergy and Sinus, contain an antihistamine and a decongestant to relieve multiple symptoms.
These may help if you have a sinus headache or infection, Cohen says. “The antihistamine dries you up and the decongestant opens up airways so you can beat that stuffy nose.”
But combination pills carry more side effects because they have two active ingredients, Cohen says. So be sure you need both.
“If all you have is a stuffy nose, you might only need the decongestant,” she says. “Less is more when it comes to medication.”
Skin Creams and OintmentsAllergies can also irritate the skin and cause rashes, hives, blisters and swelling. Topical creams – Cortaid is a popular brand – can help control the itching, redness and swelling.
“Try a topical steroid creams like hydrocortisone cream – it comes in .50% and 1% strengths,” Cohen says.
Many hydrocortisone creams also contain soothing ingredients such as aloe or vitamin E, which can relieve mild to moderate itching, redness and soreness associated with bug bites, contact dermatitis, diaper rash and poison ivy rashes, she says.
Home RemediesWhat if you want a more natural approach?
Some allergy sufferers swear by sinus rinses that irrigate and moisturize your nasal passages.
“Saline rinses may actually be safer than medications because there are no side effects and you don’t have to think about how the rinse will react with other medications you’re taking,” Kinzy says.
Rinses involve a saline solution poured into your nose through a teapot-like device called a neti pot, available at most health-food stores. NeilMed is one popular kit with packets of saline powder and a neti pot.
“If you have a lot of allergies, rinse daily,” she says.
You’ll also find supplements and foods that will naturally fight allergies. Among Cohen’s recommendations:
Quercetin: This strong antihistamine is found in supplements and some foods, including capers, apples, green tea, and many red-skinned fruits and wine. Follow label directions, or take 200 to 500 mg one to three times daily, Cohen says.
Bromelain: It’s found in pineapples and dietary supplements, and is “fantastic for reducing inflammation and allergies.” Mullein tea: “The herb is known to ease respiratory disorders like bronchitis, asthma, chest congestion and allergies. It helps to thin mucus,” Cohen says. You can find it in most health-food stores. Steep it in water for five minutes before drinking, about once or twice a day. Aloe vera juice: Cohen loves this juice, which has a mild antihistamine effect, “plus dozens of other wonderful healing effects on the body. It’s also very affordable.” Her recommendation? “Lily of the Desert brand because it is certified organic and it is ‘whole leaf,’ so it has all the aloe nutrients.” Drink about 2 ounces daily, straight (it’s tasteless) or mix with other brands.
German chamomile: This is a powerful anti-inflammatory and “a wonderful essential oil to use if you have allergies,” she says. Steam your face with hot water containing a few drops of the oil.
Spirulina: The algae sparks the production of your body's natural fighter cells, "such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and anti-cancer 'natural' killer cells,” Cohen says. “If it can regulate immune function, then allergy symptoms should alleviate too.” Prescription MedicationsIf you don’t find relief from over-the-counter drugstore products, see an allergist or your physician.
The first line of prescription defense is a nasal spray. If that’s not enough, your doctor may prescribe a prescription antihistamine, such as Allegra.Steroid Nasal SpraysNasal sprays, such as Rhinocort and Nasonex, help by reducing inflammation and congestion. Although all nasal sprays have the same mechanism, every person reacts differently to each.“Steroids are still steroids,” and they can suppress immune function (like all steroids) and should be reserved for the hardest cases,” Cohen says.
Ask your doctor for recommendations. Nasal antihistamines, such as Astelin and Patonase, may also bring relief. Over-the-counter nasal sprays are good for a quick, temporary fix, Cohen says, so you can get a good night’s sleep.
But they should only be used for three days or less, or you can get addicted to them with a condition called rhinitis medicamentosa, a sort of rebound nasal congestion. Then it’s really hard to get off, she says.
Leukotriene ModifiersThe body also produces leukotriene, a chemical that causes inflammation, during an allergic reaction. Products like Singulair block the chemical and are used to treat asthma and nasal allergy symptoms.
Asthma should never be treated with over-the-counter medications. If you have any trouble breathing or you feel like an elephant is standing on your chest, see a doctor immediately.
Steroid inhalers and bronchodilators are typically prescribed for asthma and work only if used properly.
Primatene Mist, an over-the-counter bronchodilator, should not be used to treat asthma, but it is useful for allergic emergencies.
“If someone has a really bad reaction to food or a bee sting," says internist Kinzy, "Primatene can save that person’s life while waiting for an ambulance.”
ImmunotherapyRagweed in the fall, mold in the winter and flowers in the spring and early summer – allergens exist year-round and some unlucky folks find themselves sneezing every season.
If you have severe allergies that aren’t relieved by medications, you may need shots, ultimately the most effective means of treating allergies.
They work like vaccines, teaching your immune system to tolerate the allergens.
The upshot? You don't have to sneeze your way through life. Although feeling better may require a few stabs at different treatments, you will be able to shut down your body’s waterworks.Check out our Allergies Health Center.
What’s Your Allergy IQ? Maybe you suffer from seasonal allergies. Or perhaps the bed bugs really are biting. Do you know what’s making you itch? Find out with this allergy quiz.
Check out Health Bistro, where LifeScript editors let it all hang out. Share it with your friends (it’s free to sign up!), and bookmark it so you don’t miss a single juicy post!
Saturday, May 9, 2009
热量限制 -- Eat Less, the only verified way to live longer
科学家的研究已经发现，热量限制可以延长包括哺乳动物在内的许多物种动物的生命周期。其原因，一种解释是它减少了氧自由基对细胞造成的损伤。利用酶聚合反应，通过抗氧化剂来控制氧化压力。研究发现，由于限制热量摄入而延长生命的现象与一种叫作SIR2基因有关。
Thursday, May 7, 2009
预防流感的中药药方
今天上午，记者从国家中医药管理局了解到，国家中医药管理局最新制定了《甲型H1N1流感中医药预防方案》，给出市民预防流感的中药药方。
下一步，国家中医药管理局将进一步密切关注疫情情况，一旦我国发生甲型H1N1流感病例，立即组织中医专家开展相关调研和救治工作，早参与、早介入，详细了解临床表现，研究分析症候特点，完善中医诊疗方案。
饮食预防
饮食宜清淡，少食膏粱厚味之品（易化生积热），所以在日常生活中，做一些简单、美味的小药膳，对预防流感也有帮助。
■二白汤：葱白15g、白萝卜30g、香菜3g。加水适量，煮沸热饮。
■姜枣薄荷饮：薄荷3g、生姜3g、大枣3个。生姜切丝，大枣切开去核，与薄荷共装入茶杯内，冲入沸水200至300ml，加盖浸泡5至10分钟趁热饮用。
■桑叶菊花水：桑叶3g、菊花3g、芦根10g。沸水浸泡代茶频频饮服。
■薄荷梨粥：薄荷3g、带皮鸭梨1个（削皮）、大枣6枚（切开去核），加水适量，煎汤过滤。用小米或大米50g煮粥，粥熟后加入薄荷梨汤，再煮沸即可食用，平时容易“上火”的人可吃。
■鲜鱼腥草30至60g，蒜汁加醋凉拌。
■鲜败酱草30至60g，开水焯后，蒜汁加醋凉拌或蘸酱吃。
■鲜马齿苋30至60g，开水焯后，蒜汁加醋凉拌或蘸酱吃。
■赤小豆、绿豆适量熬汤服用。
■绿豆60g、生甘草6g（布包）、生薏米20g熬汤后去甘草包，服用。
■若口鼻干燥较重，可以棉签蘸香油外涂，具有润燥的功用。
药物预防
■成人
1．太子参10g、苏叶6g、黄芩10g、牛蒡子10g
适用人群：素体虚弱，易于外感的人群。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
2．大青叶5g、紫草5g、生甘草5g
功能：解毒清热
适用人群：面色偏红，口咽、鼻时有干燥，喜凉，大便略干，小便黄。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
3．桑叶10g、白茅根15g、金银花12g
功能：清热宣肺
适应人群：面色偏红，口咽、鼻时有干燥，喜凉，大便略干，小便黄。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
4．苏叶10g、佩兰10g、陈皮10g
功能：健脾化湿
适应人群：面晦无光，常有腹胀，大便偏溏。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
建议不同人群在执业医师的指导下使用，在流行期间可连服用3至5剂。
■儿童
藿香6g、苏叶6g、银花10g、生山楂10g
功能：清热消滞
适应人群：儿童易夹食夹滞者。此类儿童容易“上火”，口气酸腐，大便臭秽或干燥。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
■服用中药预防感冒需要注意事项：
1．老人应在医师的指导下适当调整用量服用；
2．慢性疾病患者及孕妇慎用；
3．预防感冒的中药不宜长期服用，一般服用3至5天；
4．服用期间或服用后感觉不适者，应立即停止服药并及时咨询医师;
5．对上述药物有过敏史者禁用，过敏体质慎用；
6．不要轻信所谓的秘方、偏方和验方。
■其他
根据中医和民间传统，多用具有芳香化浊类中药，制成香囊或香薰，具有除瘴避秽的作用，如苍术、艾叶、藿香、当归、白芷、山柰等。
下一步，国家中医药管理局将进一步密切关注疫情情况，一旦我国发生甲型H1N1流感病例，立即组织中医专家开展相关调研和救治工作，早参与、早介入，详细了解临床表现，研究分析症候特点，完善中医诊疗方案。
饮食预防
饮食宜清淡，少食膏粱厚味之品（易化生积热），所以在日常生活中，做一些简单、美味的小药膳，对预防流感也有帮助。
■二白汤：葱白15g、白萝卜30g、香菜3g。加水适量，煮沸热饮。
■姜枣薄荷饮：薄荷3g、生姜3g、大枣3个。生姜切丝，大枣切开去核，与薄荷共装入茶杯内，冲入沸水200至300ml，加盖浸泡5至10分钟趁热饮用。
■桑叶菊花水：桑叶3g、菊花3g、芦根10g。沸水浸泡代茶频频饮服。
■薄荷梨粥：薄荷3g、带皮鸭梨1个（削皮）、大枣6枚（切开去核），加水适量，煎汤过滤。用小米或大米50g煮粥，粥熟后加入薄荷梨汤，再煮沸即可食用，平时容易“上火”的人可吃。
■鲜鱼腥草30至60g，蒜汁加醋凉拌。
■鲜败酱草30至60g，开水焯后，蒜汁加醋凉拌或蘸酱吃。
■鲜马齿苋30至60g，开水焯后，蒜汁加醋凉拌或蘸酱吃。
■赤小豆、绿豆适量熬汤服用。
■绿豆60g、生甘草6g（布包）、生薏米20g熬汤后去甘草包，服用。
■若口鼻干燥较重，可以棉签蘸香油外涂，具有润燥的功用。
药物预防
■成人
1．太子参10g、苏叶6g、黄芩10g、牛蒡子10g
适用人群：素体虚弱，易于外感的人群。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
2．大青叶5g、紫草5g、生甘草5g
功能：解毒清热
适用人群：面色偏红，口咽、鼻时有干燥，喜凉，大便略干，小便黄。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
3．桑叶10g、白茅根15g、金银花12g
功能：清热宣肺
适应人群：面色偏红，口咽、鼻时有干燥，喜凉，大便略干，小便黄。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
4．苏叶10g、佩兰10g、陈皮10g
功能：健脾化湿
适应人群：面晦无光，常有腹胀，大便偏溏。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
建议不同人群在执业医师的指导下使用，在流行期间可连服用3至5剂。
■儿童
藿香6g、苏叶6g、银花10g、生山楂10g
功能：清热消滞
适应人群：儿童易夹食夹滞者。此类儿童容易“上火”，口气酸腐，大便臭秽或干燥。
煎服方法：每日1服，清水煎。早晚各一次，3至5服为宜。
■服用中药预防感冒需要注意事项：
1．老人应在医师的指导下适当调整用量服用；
2．慢性疾病患者及孕妇慎用；
3．预防感冒的中药不宜长期服用，一般服用3至5天；
4．服用期间或服用后感觉不适者，应立即停止服药并及时咨询医师;
5．对上述药物有过敏史者禁用，过敏体质慎用；
6．不要轻信所谓的秘方、偏方和验方。
■其他
根据中医和民间传统，多用具有芳香化浊类中药，制成香囊或香薰，具有除瘴避秽的作用，如苍术、艾叶、藿香、当归、白芷、山柰等。
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